Older 首页s can be affordable for first-time buyers or appeal to those wanting a vintage house. 然而, it’s important to remember that the code and building requirements enforced today weren’t the same as when many older 首页s were built. 作为房主, it helps to understand how older electrical wiring varies from what you’ll find in 首页s constructed today.
多年来的线路类型
多年来, the electrical industry has used many different types of wiring. Unfortunately, some types have been deemed dangerous and potential fire hazards. 如果你已经拥有一所老房子,或者正在市场上买房子, it is critical to understand the different types of wiring used in the past.
旋钮和管子
Probably one of the most prominent older style wiring that 首页owners learn about is knob and tube. Knob and tube was most popularly used between the late 1800s and the mid-1900s, 因为它是第一种用于家庭的电线. The knob and tube consisted of two main wires, a black live wire and a white neutral wire. Both of these wires were covered in a rubberized fabric and were connected to porcelain knobs. The main problem with knob and tube wiring is that it lacks any ground wire, 哪些是满足现行电气规范所必需的.
NMC
NMC在20世纪20年代开始使用. It’s considered the first generation of sheathed wiring introduced into the electrical marketplace. 它由热线和中性线组成,上面覆盖着织物护套. Fabric sheathing is a protective layer for the wiring to prevent unwanted arcing and other related issues. 在后来的岁月里, NMC线路开始包括接地线, which improved safety by providing a path for electrical current to dissipate in case of a fault. 这种类型的布线至今仍普遍使用, though modern versions have improved materials and insulation standards to meet current electrical codes and safety requirements.
Romex
又称非金属电缆, Romex hit the marketplace in the 1950s and has become the most popular wire installed in 首页s. 它由塑料护套而不是布护套组成. Cloth has been shown to deteriorate over the years and lead to unwanted electrical hazards, 比如家里的火. Romex还配有接地线,以确保家庭安全.
铝电线
早在20世纪60年代到70年代,铝线就短暂地首次亮相. It was promoted as an alternative to traditional copper wiring inside the standard Romex. 尽管它最初因其较低的成本和较轻的重量而受欢迎, aluminum wiring has been phased out due to its high potential for creating an electrical fire. 铝线连接随着时间的推移往往会松动, 导致电阻增加和过热. 另外, 铝更容易受到腐蚀和氧化, 进一步增加了火灾风险. 结果是, many building codes now require copper or other safer alternatives for electrical wiring.
家庭安培数
When the electrical company introduces power into a 首页, they give a set amount of amperage. 在1970年以前的家庭中,典型的家庭是60到100安培. This was adequate for that day and age, as 首页owners had few electrical demands. 快进到现代家庭,标准是200安培. This is because the average household uses many more electronics and appliances.
了解进入你的老房子的安培量是必不可少的. 如果你只有60或100安培的服务, 那么当你运行电子设备时,你很可能会遇到不足. Common problems with insufficient amperage include flickering lights and constantly tripping circuit breakers. You can typically tell how much amperage you have by looking at your main panel box. 总开关在哪里, 通常有一个标记表明有多少安培, 比如100或200. Upgrading to a higher amperage service may be necessary to meet modern appliances’ electrical demands and ensure the safety and efficiency of your 首页’s electrical system.
保险丝盒与断路器
In the early days of electricity, the main power box for a 首页 was referred to as a fuse box. It consists of various fuses associated with the different circuits throughout your 首页. Whenever a circuit experienced a problem, it would blow out the fuse for that circuit. 熔断的保险丝切断了电源,从而防止了电气火灾等问题. While fuse boxes were popular until the late 1950s, they had one big inconvenience.
每次你烧断保险丝, 你必须亲自拆下保险丝,换上新的. Homeowners had to keep multiple new fuses on hand for an immediate fix or wait until they could get to their hardware store to get a new one. 另外, the fuse had to be rated for the specific amperage that the circuit required. 例如,一个15安培的保险丝必须替换一个15安培的电路. 如果你有一个30安培的保险丝烧断了,你不可能用一个15安培的保险丝来替换它.
20世纪60年代,一项新发明——断路器出现了. 它们被安装在面板盒中,就像你在现代家庭中看到的那样. 每个断路器控制一个单独的电路为您的家. Depending on usage, the circuit is marked with its amperage rating, such as 15-amp or 30-amp. The main advantage of circuit breaker boxes over fuse boxes is that you can simply flip the circuit breaker back to the on position and continue like usual.
难以识别旧电线
When dealing with old household wiring, you can expect it to be challenging. 旧的电线容易磨损和老化. 在旧的旋钮和管布线设置, it can be quite tricky to determine the difference between the hot black and white neutral wire. 随着电线老化,灰尘和污垢会沾上电线, 两根电线似乎都被黑布包裹着. This makes it hard to distinguish visually between the hot and neutral wires. It will take an electrician to use a multimeter to determine what wire is hot and which is neutral.
DIY篡改
In the past, it was common for 首页owners to try and do DIY repairs or hire a handyman to save money. Unfortunately, this has left many older 首页s with unsafe wiring and potential hazards.
For example, the wiring code requires different sheathing colors for other wires. 带电的电线应该总是黑色的. 中性线总是白色的. 如果有第二根带电电线,它将是红色的. 地线总是裸露的线. In older 首页s, you may find that these colors don’t always align with the actual wire. This is because 首页owners or unlicensed individuals used whatever wire was on hand to complete the task.
可靠的电力服务
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